IP3 performance aprasals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IP3 performance aprasals - Essay Example  Excellent  High  Good  Fair  Average  Mediocre  Poor  Bad  Low Comments: 3. Coaching Skill Coaching Skill for problem solving, training, developing, and improving performance of employees  Excellent  High  Good  Fair  Average  Mediocre  Poor  Bad  Low Comments: 4. Delegation and Supervisory Skill Delegation and Supervisory Skill signifies the responsibilities of subordinates; recognizes the abilities and skills of employees and assigns task accordingly; counsels and guides the employees in any situation and encourages them to perform effectively in an independent manner  Excellent  High  Good  Fair  Average  Mediocre  Poor  Bad  Low Comments: 5. Planning and Scheduling Skill Planning and Scheduling Skill requires systematical distribution of task among the employees and making available utilization of resources; planning the entire task before allocation and creating proper time schedule  Excellent  High  Good  Fair  Average  Mediocre  Poor  Low  Bad Comments: 2.0 Justification The five specific skills have been mentioned with respect to the front-line supervisor. These skills are significantly required by the supervisors for effective functioning in the workplace. The performance grading form has been prepared by considering the skills and responsibilities of supervisor. The main purpose of rating is to provide feedback to the supervisors regarding their performance so that they can be motivated and can improve their performance standard. The rating scale from 1 to 9 has been considered which ranges from excellent to bad. The individual performance standard can be appraised from this rating scale. As there was no performance appraisal technique in the organization, thus the employees were less motivated and had no positive attitude towards the work. The leadership skill is essential for a supervisor as it relates to the direction of the employees and to lead them in proper way so that they can achieve the goals of the organ ization. Thus, for this skill, 20% weight has been assigned. The planning and scheduling is also an important skill of supervisor. The supervisor is required to plan the entire task of the employees and make proper time schedule for each employee. The skill has been provided weight of 20% based on its importance. The communication skill is a significant factor for the supervisors but this skill is not as important as compared to other skills. The skill enables a supervisor to make good interpersonal communication so that the employees can understand the problems that arise in workplace and can provide effective solution against it (Blair, n.d.). A front-line supervisor needs excellent coaching skill in order to train the employees, develop their inner competencies, resolve their dilemma and help them to improve the performance. The coaching skill is provided 20% weightage because this skill is extremely significant for supervisor. Proper coaching to the employees will help them to e nhance their skills and can also help them to resolve all the dilemmas that may possibly take place in their life related to critical situations of workplace. This skill also improves the efficiency of supervisor for regular training and guiding to the

What are some of the strengths and weaknesses of revealed preference Lab Report

What are some of the strengths and weaknesses of revealed preference methods used to determine market values for environmental goods and services - Lab Report Example choices made by individuals on the basis of comparing the influence of policies on consumer behaviour is meant examine and reveal consumer purchasing habits on the basis of their market value. This theory examines the idea of diminishing marginal rate of substitution and identifies how consumers make decisions on the best ways of maximising utility. This involves the identification of the consumptive value of environmental attributes or goods. Clearly, this is a problem of theoretical assumptions made by the economist who measures the data and sets the parameters for the study. This is because the theory is mainly conceptual and most consumers’ minds and their views and sensitivity to issues cannot be measured in the same way other empirical materials might be measured. Thus, there is an issue with the design of the data collection systems and the underlining assumptions of the study and research. Secondly, the data collection process is open to a lot of issues and difficulties when the revealed preference theory is applied to the environmental matters. This is because it is difficult to compile data of the consumption of environmental factors and this might require some kind of complex accounting system that might not be easily explicable to people who will take part in these studies. Thirdly, this method cannot value attributes that vary across regions. Hence, there is a problem with the need and the possibility of examining and valuing products across different parts of Australia since the prices of one product solely found or demanded in one state might not have a comparative base for persons in other states. Comparability remains a problem in the revealed preference method because consumers have different attributes across geographical regions. This might bring variations that might not be logical and realistic. Also, across timelines, there could be huge variations. For example, examining something in an area before a mining boom and another after the

Parameters For Noise Pollution Measurement

Parameters For Noise Pollution Measurement Noise is defined as the sound which is unwanted or undesired for a particular community in a particular place. Sound is the form of energy which gives the sensation of hearing. It is produced by longitudinal mechanical waves in the matter and is transmitted by the oscillations of atoms and molecules of matter. Noise is basically a form of unwanted sound with a specific pitch, intensity, frequency, amplitude and other characteristics. The description of noise as an unwanted sound indicates that it has an unpleasant effect on human beings and their environment including land structure and domestic animals, also affecting wildlife and ecological cycles. Units of measurement: The unwanted sound or noise can be physically determined as a quantity with the unit called decibel (dB). Decibel is audio loudness measurement. It is the logarithmic unit that describes the ratio between sound intensity values or sound pressure values. 0dB is nominally the threshold of hearing and 85-90dB is nominally the threshold of pain while levels near 120dB may disturb normal body functioning. Noise and our hearing: The auditory function of the ear consists is the conduction of sound through the external and middle ears or cranial bones and their reception by the spiral organ of corti, the receptor of the auditory analyzer. The external and middle ear make up the sound conducting apparatus, while the internal ear, specially the organ of corti, makes up the sound perceiving apparatus. The auricle in man plays a role in collecting sound and determining their direction. Sound waves striking the tympanic membrane set it into vibrations. The drum being connected to the handle of malleus, these vibrations are transmitted to the ossicular window of the labyrinth, rocks in and out of the oval window according to the phase of sound vibration. The vibration of the foot plate of the stapes in the oval window sets up vibrations in the perilymph. These vibrations are transmitted to the basilar membrane, and the organ of corti which it supports. The vibration of the basilar membrane causes the hair cells of the spiral organ of corti to get in touch with the overhanging tectorial membrane. At the same time, the mechanical energy of excitation, which is conveyed to most delicate receptors of the auditory nerve to be passed further to its nuclei into the medulla to the temporal brain lobes where nerve impulses are interpreted as sounds heard. Normal hearing depends on the normal condition of the apparatus for sound perception and conduction. Human being can hear external sounds with a frequency of 16-20,000 cycles per second. When sound vibrations enter into the cochlea; the tiny hairs in the cochlea to move back and forth. If vibrations with a great intensity blast into the cochlea, these hairs, especially the stereocilia, can be flattened and damaged. NOISE POLLUTION Noise pollution is the pollution caused when the unwanted sound is dumped into the environment without taking concern of its adversaries it may have. It causes health hazards (auditory + non-auditory effects) to the people and also affects the surrounding environment as well as wildlife. PARAMETERS FOR NOISE POLLUTION MEASUREMENT: For noise emission measurement, change in several sound characteristics is determined for detecting and recording the accurate values in dB. Some of these measuring parameters are: Sound Power: It is defined as the energy of sound per unit time and is given by: W= E/t (j/s or Watts) Whereas, sound power level can be described as: Lw= 10 log (W/W0) Where: W= measured power from the sound source W0= reference power level (10-12 Watts) Sound Intensity: It is defined as the amount of energy per unit area in unit time that is perpendicular to the direction of travelling sound waves. It is also defined as the sound power transmitted per unit area and is given by: I = W/A (W/m2) The dynamic range of sound intensity for human hearing ranges from 10-12W/m2 to 10-100 W/m2. The highest sound intensity possible to hear is 10,000,000,000,000 times as loud as the quietest. The usage of intensity for describing human ear response over a linear scale is very difficult as it gives such large values. Therefore, a logarithmic scale is used instead of linear scale in which the intensity level is given by 10 times the logarithmic ratio of the actual intensity to the reference intensity value. The threshold of audible sound is 10-16 W/cm2; which is considered as 0 dB. Sound intensity level is given by: Lt= 10 log (I/I0) Where: I= intensity value measured (W/m2) I0= reference intensity (10-16W/m2) Sound Pressure: Sound pressure is defined as the force of sound per unit area perpendicular to the direction of sound waves. It is given by: P= F/A (N/m2 or Pa) The range of human hearing is 0.00002-20 Pa. the sound pressure level is given by: SPL= 20 log (P/P0) Where: P= measured sound pressure (Pa) P0= reference power level (2ÃÆ'-10-5 Pa) SOUND PRESSURE ( Pa) INTENSITY (W/m2) INTENSITY LEVEL (dB) 2ÃÆ'-10-5 10-12 0 2ÃÆ'-10-4 10-10 20 2ÃÆ'-10-1 10-4 80 2(2ÃÆ'-100) 10-2 100 20(2ÃÆ'-101) 10(100) 120 200(2ÃÆ'-102) 100(102) 140 Table 1.1- Showing relationship between sound pressure and intensity level CLASSIFICATION OF NOISE POLLUTION Depending on the source of generation, the pollution due to several types of noises can be divided into following types: COMMUNITY NOISE POLLUTION: Community noise pollution is mainly spreading in the environment due to various community noises. These community noises can be further sub-divided into: Road traffic noise: With rapid increase in number of road vehicles, traffic noise is increasing day by day. The noise is spreading mainly due to traffic speed as the volume of the noise enhances with the traffic speed, and as modern high ways and traffic systems encourage speed, the noise pollution phenomenon is raising rapidly. There is maximum noise pollution during morning and evening hours in urban areas. Heavy engine-trucks are the noisiest vehicles on road having at least 80-85dB level of noise. Domestic noise: This type includes all types of noises that are common in residential areas i.e. the noise of music players, television, burglar alarms, dog barking, residential construction noise etc. depending on its intensity and volume, residential or domestic noise can be source of annoyance to anyone. The noise level in residential areas ranges from 35-45dB and does not cause serious auditory disorders. Aircraft noise: The noise which is spreading in the environment mainly due to aviation activities i.e. phases of a flight including take off, landing and flying on a path. These aerodynamic activities have an adverse effect on the people associated with the flight processes but also the people residing near airports. These noise levels are much higher in ultra-flight aircraft having a peak near 100dB which is extremely hazardous to the health. http://www.ccrh.org/comm/slough/images/Image5.gif Fig. 1.1- Aircraft noise pattern from a jet engine OCCUPATIONAL NOISE POLLUTION: Occupational noise pollution is the pollution which is present in the environment due to noises on work places, factories, and industries i.e. the noise of machines, tools, and other working equipment at work. Depending on the time of exposure, these noises have been divided into following three types: Continuous noise: It is defined as the noise whose maxima (highest levels) occur more often than once per second. It is produced by the machinery that operates without interruption e.g. pumps, compressors and processing equipments etc. Intermittent noise: The noise that is not continuous with time i.e., taking alternating periods of start and stop is called intermittent noise e.g. drill machines. NOISE SOURCE NOISE LEVEL(dB) Breathing 10 Conversation 20-30 House in a quiet street 35 Loud conversation 50-60 Office noise 60 Children playing 60 Lawn mower 60-80 Traffic noise 60-90 Sports car 85-90 Heavy truck 90-100 Electrically amplified music 120 Aircraft noise 90-120 Jet engine 140 Table 1.2-Sound sources and their intensities Impulse noise: It is the noise that gives rise to instantaneous sharp sound for a small time duration and then diminishes e.g. blasting. The sound pressure in this type may be from 40dB (minimum) to 200 plus dB (sufficient to destroy internal organs). http://coastaldrillingandblasting.com/images/home-photo-blast.jpg Fig 1.2- intermittent noise from blasting HAZARDOUS EFFECTS OF THE NOISE POLLUTION Health effects on human beings: Noise pollution is being considered as one of the leading environmental hazards nowadays. From a simple ceiling fan to a heavy traffic sight, the sound affects our lives somehow. But it is the relative loudness that is hazardous to the man and the other life forms. Noise pollution affects the human beings in two ways which are: 1) auditory effect: when it interferes with the functions of hearing mechanism. 2) Non-auditory effects: where it interacts with the health and bodily functions other than our hearing organs. Fig.1.3- a brief chart description of noise pollution hazards on human health Auditory effects: The first organ that gets affected by the noise is the ear. More than 50% of our working community complains of tinnitus (continuous ringing noise) in the ear. Continuous exposure may lead to deafness or permanent loss of hearing. It is because of the complete destruction of the organ of corti that transmits sound from ear to brain. The levels at which a person can get affected by the noise exposure are given below: Sensorineural hearing loss, neural hearing loss is due to damage to auditory nerves, sensory hearing loss is due to damage to inner ear or cochlea resulting from repeated loud noise exposure. High noise levels can result in excessive ear-wax secretion, a damaged ear-drum or fluid in the inner ear. More serious affects include permanent deafness, pain and ringing in the ears. Non-auditory effects: Non-auditory effects can be defined as all the effects on health and welfare due to the noise exposure apart from the effects on the hearing organs. they affect the social behaviour of the objects also altering the normal biological functioning of the body. When the noise pollution is considered to cause hazards other than hearing disorders, annoyance is the most basic level by which it affects peoples actions and communication, which leads to stress showing further symptoms and thus showing illness. On the other hand, noise may not always cause annoyance first and can directly affect health. The degree to which it may affect the health depends on the parameters including the intensity, pressure, volume, duration and the nature of the noise. Annoyance: It is the most prevalent and well documented subjective response to the noise, including fear and mild anger. Noise is also seen as interfering into personal privacy, while its meaning for any individual is important in determining whether the person will be annoyed by it. Annoyance reactions are associated with the degree of interference that any noise causes in everyday activities, which probably precedes and leads on to annoyance. In both traffic and aircraft noise studies, the noise levels have been found to be associated with annoyance in a dose-response relationship. on the whole, it seems that the speech communication activities are most disturbed by aircraft noise while traffic noise is most disturbing for sleep,if present at night. Noise pollution and sleep interference: Exposure to the noise for a long duration disturbs sleep resulting in raised anxiety levels. Habituation is likely to occur with the continual exposure of the noise. Objective sleep disturbance will develop if more than 50 noise events per night with a maximum level of 50 dB are at indoors or more. But, for the outdoor noise levels the value is quite low for sleep disturbance. Noise exposure during sleep may elevate blood pressure, heart rate, pulse amplitude and affect body movements. Following disturbed sleep, there may also be after-effects during the day; perceived sleep quality, short temper and daily performance levels are decreased due to sleep disturbed by road traffic noise. Effects on performance: It has been concluded from the laboratory studies, that noise exposure impairs routine performance. If a speech is played in front of a person who is learning a particular subject, it will cause performance impairment. Such impairment is independent of the meaning or subject of the speech but depends on the relative loudness. Noise exposure also slows down the rehearsal and the of selectivity processes in memory, and the choice of strategies for a particular tasks. It has also been observed that noise may reduce helping behaviour, increase violence and reduce the obedience of social cues. Physiological responses: The continuous exposure to noise causes numerous short-term physiological responses as transmitted through the nervous system. Exposure to noise causes physiological activation including elevated heart rate and blood pressure, peripheral vasoconstriction and increased peripheral vascular resistance. There is habituation to brief noise exposure but to the prolonged noise, habituation is less certain. Cardiovascular effects: Studies have suggested that individuals continually exposed to continuous noise of at least 85 dB have higher blood pressure than those not exposed to noise. Noise exposure is also an indicator of exposure to physical and psycho-social factors, associated with high blood pressure. Aircraft noise pollution is found related to heart trouble and hypertension, more cardiovascular drug use and higher blood pressure. The effects of noise have been shown on systolic blood pressure (but not diastolic pressure), total cholesterol, total triglycerides, blood viscosity, platelet count and, glucose level. However, it was found that the prevalence of hypertension was higher among people exposed to aircraft noise levels of at least 55 dB or maximum levels above 72 dB around. There is some evidence from community studies that environmental noise is related to hypertension and there is also evidence that environmental noise may be a minor risk factor for coronary heart disease. A sudden exposure to noise may stimulate catecholamine secretion and precipitate cardiac dysrhythmias. Psychiatric effects: It has been found that persistent exposure to noise causing annoyance may lead to psychological disorders. Early studies showed that regular exposure to high levels of noise to the factory workers and inhabitants of overpopulated areas complain about nausea, headache, anxiety, restless nights, and edgy tempers. But recent studies do not confirm this association between air-craft and road noise and psychiatric disorders; and the weak association was established between road-traffic noise and mental depressiveness. Hence, it is now believed that environmental noise may seem related with certain psychological symptoms, but does not result in serious psychological disorders. However, enhanced noise levels may increase the possibility of such disorders. Effects on cognitive behaviour in children: It is of the common knowledge that children belong to a group which is especially vulnerable and sensitive to environmental pollution and all of its types. Their cognitive structure is developing and they lack the well-developed strategies to coop-up. Studies have found the Effect of environmental noise activities on the cognitive structure. The research shows that noise pollution does not affect all cognitive structures uniformly; affecting mainly central processing and understanding of the language. Difficulties have been found in concentration and visual attention. The reports describe that noise exposed children show more difficulty in concentrating than those who are less exposed. The test performed on primary school children living in over-populated areas showed them having poor auditory distinction and speech perception; affecting their reading ability, as well as their school performance than those living in quiet areas. Effect of noise pollution on wildlife: Noise pollution can be harmful to the animals. High enough levels of the noise pollution may interfere with the natural cycles of the animals, which may change their migration paths to avoid the sound; moreover, masking which is the inability to perceive sound of ecological cues and animal signals. Exposure of Desert Kangaroo Rats to dune buggy sounds (95 db at 4 meters, on and off for 500 seconds) caused a major reduction on detection distance for its principal predator the Rattlesnake. When the distance for the normal sand kicking response to the snakes presence was reduced from 40 cm to 2 cm, and it took three weeks for the rat to recover. Plenty of evidences exist to prove that serious damage is occurring to the wild animals. Long-term effects from medium to low level noise intrusion need much more study, with emphasis on threatened and endangered species. NOISE POLLUTION COUNTROL All the sources of noise including road traffic, heavy vehicles, airplanes, factory machines etc. contribute towards noise pollution in one way or another. Some of these sources may have tolerable noise levels but when combined together, these can cause serious risks. According to World Health Organization, noise pollution control is easiest among all kinds of pollution the world is facing today Several steps are needed to be implemented so as to improve environmental conditions and to attain healthy noise free environment. Some of these steps are following Public awareness measures are required to make people understand about noise pollution and to guide them about permissible noise levels by using print media and electronic media properly. Noise exposure may be reduced on personal level by usage of protective ear plugs and also steps are required to reduce of exposure time to noise. Engineering techniques such as altering and modifying the designs to reduce noise, construction of sound barriers and sound absorbers might be helpful. Academic institutions and hospitals can be shifted away from the noisy roads, railway stations and airports. Similarly, the heavy industries and factories ought to be formed away from residential areas. The usage of pressure horns and record players among all means of transportation must be banned by the government in order to reduce the noise intensity. Monitoring of sound levels should be carried out by the traffic police. Legal action should be taken against violators by the government. Law formation and implementation is required to lessen the hearing problems among factory workers. Vegetation programmes along the roads should be initiated as plants absorb and dissipate high energy sound waves.

Crytosporidia :: Essays Papers

Crytosporidia Life History: Once thought to be rare and host specific, Cryptosporidia is now believed to be one of the top three diarrheal causing pathogens in the world. Cryptosporidia muris was recognized in 1907 by E. E. Tyzer. Since then twenty (20) species of Cryptosporidium have been discovered and named although recently sixteen (16) of those twenty (20) have come under speculation due to recent cross-transmission studies. Cryptosporidia is a protozoan parasite which lives in the intestines and respiratory epitheliums of many types of animals including mammals, birds and reptiles. The disease caused by Cryptosporidia is known as Cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidia is found all over the world and is transmitted via fecal oral contact. Usually this is due to water contaminated by animal feces. Infected calves excrete up to 10 billion Cryptosporidium oocysts (infectious stage) per day. The infectious dose in humans is only 10-100. However, contaminated food or direct contact with feces can also cause infectio n. Microbial Characteristics: Cryptosporidia are small coccidian spore-forming protazoans. When in oocyst form they are 4-6 um in size. GRAPH Disease: Cryptosporidia are encountered and transmitted through fecal oral transmission. Once a host ingests an oocyst, sporozoites are released. The sporozoite then can enter the epithelial cells in the small intestine where it will develop into a trophozoite. Inside of a trophozoite, merozoites begin to form. When released, a merozoite can either infect another epithelial cell or it can evolve into a sexual gamete. These gametes then join to form an oocyst and will be excreted in the feces. While in the host’s body, Cryptosporidia carries out its entire life cycle in the microvilli of the small intestine. The most common symptom of Cryptosporidiosis is watery diarrhea. Other symptoms include: - Dehydration - Weight loss - Stomach cramps or pain - Fever - Nausea - Vomiting Some people with Cryptosporidiosis will have no symptoms at all. While the small intestine is the site most commonly affected, Cryptosporidium infections could possibly affect other areas of the digestive or the respiratory tract. (CDC) Symptoms usually begin 2-10 days after becoming infected and last 1-2 weeks on average. In immunocompetent individuals, Cryptosporidiosis is not life threatening.

Social Media Networks in Recruitment

The current changes and advances in technology and the role of internet and social media networks, has provided new opportunities for all organizations to communicate easier and find talented employees with less time and cost. This study is to investigate the impact of using social media networks in recruitment of professional staff at RACK private sector. It will show if the impact of these networks is positive or negative and to what extent does the use of them can lead to effective recruitment to improve the productivity and find highly qualified candidates easily.A axed method is used to collect results about the impact of social media on recruitment. Questionnaires will be administered to human resources directors and managers at RACK private sector companies and random sampling will be utilized. The questionnaires will be distributed randomly among 14 companies and the population will be 40-50 HRS directors/managers. In addition, unstructured Interviews will be used as a second method to emphasize the validity of the results and to increase the sample.Chapter 1 : Study Background Introduction The Emirate of Rasa AAA Kalmia (RACK) Is fast growing and the most northern. RACK has come a destination for many tourist visitors and Investors In the private sector. Many of the light and medium manufacturing as well as service Industries seek on the traditional classified and websites to recruit their employees. At the same time the use of these medium is decreasing as more and more college graduates and researchers are attracted to social media. Private sector employers are now seeing low pool of qualified applicants to fill their Job openings.This resulted in lower performing employees and incompatibility in the workplace. The current changes in technology and the growth in the use of internet and social Edie sites is remarkable. Companies and recruiters, therefore, need to be where the potential candidates are to be able to find the right qualified individuals. This involves engaging with talented people across a wide range of social media networks. Overall, and according to Ponderous, and Olivia, â€Å"social media has improved the recruitment process by making it more democratic and open† (Ponderous & Olives, 2013).Using social media alone however, can negatively impact the relationship building between the companies or HRS professionals and the potential candidates (Raja, 2010). It is therefore difficult to completely replace the traditional recruitment methods by the use of social media in the near future. This paper examines the potential impact which social media may have on the recruitment process. It places emphasis on how private sector corporations and recruitment professionals can benefit from the social media networks to promote their products and services efficiently and target the highly talented and qualified employees.It looks at the role of sites such as Faceable, Linked, and others are playing in the process of re cruiting and hiring professionals. Problem Statement RACK private sector is limited in their recruitment of highly qualified employment by not fully using Social Media as a recruitment tool. Social media can positively influence the recruitment in RACK private sector and can lead to the employment of highly talented and qualified employees. The increase use of social media in other Emirates' may decrease growth in RACK and hinder technological advancement.Most job seekers and employers are using social media so the private sector of RACK needs to address this issue in order to access these Job seekers. Rationale for the Research Many companies seek to find highly qualified employees. As stated by None, companies spend large amount of resources in their recruitment efforts (None, R, 2012). Many of them use various strategies to recruit. Social Media have been successful in many aspects of the career path from networking to marketing specialized goods and services (Ponderous & Olives, 2013).According to Headwords, Social Media is found to be essential among the working population and became the main medium of communication. Many companies, both public and private relied have found success in using social media and have integrate it into their daily operation (Headwords, A. , 2011). This study will show that there will be a significant increase in the recruitment of highly qualified employee in RACK private sector when social media is utilized in the recruitment process. The following research questions will undoubtedly be answered within this research paper: 1 .Which social media sites are mostly used in recruitment in RACK private sector corporations? 2. To what extent does the use of social media networks lead to effective recruitment? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using social media in recruiting individuals? Definition of Terms Social Media is any form of online network that encourage social exchange of ideas, views, personal communication and friendship. Some media develop lifelong relationships and individual collaboration that are informal and transparent.These sites include Faceable, Linked, Video, Sing and Twitter (Ponderous, & Olivia, 2013). Private Sector consists of companies or industries that are independently owned and operated without government interference. Highly Qualified employees are those employees that have high skilled qualifications or possess high educational degrees† (None, 2012). Limitation of the Study The impact of social media on recruitment is a new topic and there is a lack of studies about it. In addition, the study is conducted only in the RACK region.Since confidential information is involved, some information is accepted through verbal interview. The definition of highly qualified is relative to the Job requirements and thus may not be standard across all industries. Although candidates can be reached effectively and easily via social media networks, the risk is, if this strateg y is not accompanied with other traditional recruitment search methods, then some talented candidates may not be targeted because still there are many people who do not use these networks and prefer the traditional way of searching and applying for a Job.Furthermore, online profiles don't certainly give an accurate picture of the individuals. Assessing someone's potential and skills based only on an online profile leaves the door open for unethical practices. Summary The study will show that the use of the Social Media in recruitment in the private sector in RACK improves the applicant pool and enhance the application process. Furthermore the study will show that the result of the use of social media improve productivity and meet the demands for highly qualified employees.The study will also show that social media have a positive impact on recruitment. With the era of social media, the approach to work and find Jobs has changed. Social media will not disappear completely; therefore recruiters and employers can take more benefit of this by adopting hiring and recruitment methods that utilize social media networks. Social media, however, has some limitations associated with its use in recruitment process.Although employers can get some benefits; using social individuals and professionals as well as the impact on the selection criteria of individuals. Instead of identifying social media as a recruitment solution, employers should realize and understand that they need to work more closely with the professionals to be able to get the right candidates they are looking for, rather than spending time, money and other resources without any return or benefit. I personally believe that social media cannot solely replace the traditional recruitment methods in the near future.Chapter 2: Literature review According to Molar (201 1), recruitment can be defined as the process of finding, selecting, attracting and hiring qualified personnel to be employed within an organizatio n and contribute to the achievement of its goals and objectives (Molar, 2011, p. 56). Philips (1999) believes that the recruitment process may involve trying to attract highly qualified and talented individuals, screening the applications, and selecting the right applicant for the Job (Philips, 1999, p. ). He argues that the Recruitment and selection of personnel is considered a very critical component of unman resources functions which drives the organizations' success and development (Philips, 1999, p. 10). Most organizations and companies worldwide use the traditional way of recruiting and some tend to use a mixture of both traditional ways and online recruiting with the use of social media networks (Molar, 2011, p. 68).According to Ponderous and Olives (2013), â€Å"Recruiting e-recruitment, or recruiting via the use of social media networks and internet, is a phenomenon that has led to the appearance of a new market in which there is an unprecedented level of interaction betwe en employers ND potential employees† (Ponderous& Olivia, 2013, p. 33). None (2012), believes that â€Å"online technology and the use of social media in recruiting are crucial to companies that compete for the best talented candidates in a high speed Job market† (None, 2012, p. 77). This is because the use of the social media can save a lot of time, cost and efforts and also allow organizations to target more qualified candidates all over the world (None, 2012, p. 161). This paper aims to discuss the impact of using social media networks in the recruitment and selection process at RACK private sector. Examples of the online social media networks which are used heavily are the use Linked, Faceable, Twitter, What's, etc†¦According to Media (201 1), these social network sites can be defined as â€Å"web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a co nnection, and view their list of connections† (Media, 2011, p. 13). These network sites nowadays has connected the people all over the world and most individuals are using these sites to search for Jobs besides the other purposes of entertainment and injection with other people (Media, 2011, p. 93).Some organizations had already planned and used these networks in their recruitment process in order to target more qualified individuals worldwide and minimize the cost. These organizations use the social media networks to advertise for their Job openings and at the same Using the social media networks in recruiting employees at RACK private companies may reduce the huge cost that is used in advertising for the Job postings and it can also help RACK private companies to brand their business processes through the use of these sites to market their products and services.RACK private companies nowadays face the challenge of finding the top talented candidates that they need to hire in order to meet the requirement of the business. As suggested by Philips (1999), this problem of finding the right candidates can be solved by finding other strategies of recruiting such as the use of social media networks (Philips, 1999, p. 24). According to Molar (201 1), there is an increase trend internationally to use the corporate websites and social networks in recruiting and selecting individuals.This can open the chances for RACK private companies to target more international antedates from all over the world with the availability of these sites that connect all people at a minimum cost (Molar, 2011, p. 256). Furthermore, by using these social media sites, the vacancies can be filled faster and therefore save the time that can be spent in searching for qualified candidates through the uses of traditional methods of advertising and Job posting (Headwords, 2011, p. 11).Headwords (2011) argues that these sites can also help organizations to increase their brand visibility onlin e which can establish an excellent image and brand for these organizations. (Headwords, 2011, p. 118). Therefore, RACK private companies can use the social media networks to brand their products and services and brand the companies' image worldwide. By using these sites private companies at RACK can post their vacancies to a larger community and their postings can be accessed by a larger number of qualified candidates (Headwords, 2011, p. 45). This can help private companies at RACK to increase the quality of their hires by attracting the right people for the right Jobs through these social media networks (Sweeney, 2011, p. 58). In addition, there are other benefits of using social media and according to Ponderous and Olivia (2013), â€Å"social media has improved the recruitment process by making it more democratic and open† (Ponderous & Olives, 2013, p. 74).So, private companies at RACK can benefit from the use of these social networks to make its vacancies and Job posting open internationally to all people and this will help immensely to have a wide pool of applicants where it will be easier to find talented potentials. Method This study intends to investigate the impact of using social media on recruitment process and the perception of the HRS professionals at RACK private sector about the SE of these social networks in hiring and selecting personnel.A mixed method will be utilized for this research which consists of both quantitative and qualitative data collection tools in order to provide more in depth data collection and ensure more accurate result of the impact of social media on recruitment process. Participants The population of this study consists of all directors and HRS managers of private companies in Rasa AAA Shaman. In order to answer the research questions, a total of 40-50 respondents from 20 companies in Rasa AAA Shaman private sector were elected based on a random or probability sampling, so all participants will have equal opportun ity to take part in this research.Selected participants will answer a questionnaire structured in Liker format to ask about the use and the impact of social media on recruitment process. The data that will be collected from the respondents will be calculated for clarification and analysis. Instruments A survey questionnaire using the Liker format will be used in this research . The scale below will be used to analyses the answers of all the respondents for each question by calculating the weighted mean: Range Interpretation 3. 01 – 4. 00 Agree 1. 01 -2. 00 Strongly Agree 2. 1 – 3. 00 Disagree 0. 00- 1. 00 Strongly Disagree To test the validity of the questionnaire, it will distributed to 5 participants and these participants along with their results of the questionnaire, will not be part of the research and they were used Just to test the validity. Questionnaire development Seven questions will be used to determine the possible relationship between the variables (socia l media and recruitment) . The questions that were included in the questionnaire had a choice of 4 points from strongly agree to strongly disagree.All questions were selected carefully to be relevant to the topic and to reflect the aim of this study and enable to get the right results. The questionnaire will have the following topics: 1. The usage of internet and social networks to target talented candidates. 2. Participants' opinion about the idea of using social media in recruitment (open? Disagree? ) 3. The support from the top management for the use of social media in recruitment. 4. The benefits of using social media in recruitment such as saving time, cost, etc.. 5.The role of social media in branding and marketing of organizations 6. Disadvantages of using social media in recruitment. 7. The importance of using the traditional ways of recruiting besides the use of social media. Data Collection Plan Primary research and secondary research will be used. The primary research wil l be meetings, observation and general discussions with those directors will be used. The secondary data is based on the literature review including articles, Journals and books which was collected earlier about the impact of using social media in recruitment process.Statistical analysis of the data When the questionnaire will be collected from the participants, statistics will be used o analyze all the data through the use of SPAS to come up with the statistical analysis for this study. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of using social media (independent variable) on recruitment process (dependent variable). For the purpose of testing the hypothesis, analysis of data will be done and represented in tables.HI will indicate that there is a positive relationship and good impact of using social media in recruiting. H2O will show that there is a negative impact of social media networks if used in recruitment process. HO will indicate that there is no impact or any relatio nship between the use of social media and recruitment process. Implication and Limitation Studies about the use of social media networks are away from its impact on recruitment and the effective use of it in hiring as HRS function.The conclusion which this research will be able to draw, is the how HRS professionals can benefit from the use of social media and what are pros and cons and the impact of social networks if applied and used in recruitment instead of the other traditional methods of hiring. This research will also reveal that social media networks can be used in other littorals and not only recruitment; it can be used for example in marketing campaigns and branding. This research will be conducted in RACK region only and the results may not apply to other companies in the AAU or may not benefit them.Some of the questions that will be asked to participants, considered to be confidential and therefore respondents may not provide the accurate answer and this will affect the f indings and results of the research. Appendices and References Appendix A: Questionnaire 1. The use of internet and social networks can improve the way we target talented candidates from all over the world. Strongly Agree 4 Agree 3 Disagree 2 Strongly disagree 2. I am very open to the idea of using these social media networks fully in the recruitment process without the need to use the traditional methods of hiring. Ring employees 4. Social networks when used in recruiting can save time and reduce the cost of advertisement for Job postings 5. Social media can contribute to the branding of the organization if used in the right way cannot trust the social media users because some conditional information cannot be published online and this therefore can affect the selection decision.

Child Pornography: Canada vs. Japan Essay

â€Å"We think that child pornography, in any form, promotes values and sends the message that it is OK to sexually abuse children. It helps paedophiles to justify their ideas or behaviour and it desensitizes society as a whole.† ( 1995. John Carr, a United Kingdom government adviser. ) The classification of sexual exploration , the governments laws, and landmark cases all play a part in how the people perceive child pornography. â€Å"Japan is one of the world’s biggest suppliers of child pornography and the second biggest consumer after the U.S.† (Justin McCurry, Japan to Outlaw Possession of Child Porn, GUARDIAN, Mar. 10,2008) In Japan they have a very lose definition of child pornography where as in Canada it is firm and unbending. There are many different types of sexual exploitation in Japan involving minors, some are considered illegal and wrong but most comply with the country’s laws. Adult anime or Hentai is one of the most popular forms of pornography in Japan. It is in a cartoon format and can therefore show graphic sexual activities without being subject to the same laws as live films. They feature mainly young school girls or boys and are not considered child porn. Since it is not classified as illegal anime pushes many boundaries that movies could not. Hentai commonly involves rape(Goukan Purei â€Å"Rape play†) , bondage( Broken Dolls), and Lolicon with involves sexual encounters with prepubescent girls. There are video games based on these fantasies called â€Å"bishÃ… jo games† or â€Å" pretty girl games†. Many Asian cultures have an obsession with child like women. Women show in all media are small and frail, helpless and have very high voices. This shows a value message in Japan, that women are meant to seem young and child like and innocent . In Canada there is a rigid definition of pornography written in the Code. It includes all material computer generated or actors. It can be defined depicting or promoting sexual abuse of a child, a sexual act or the genital organs of children. It exists in three main forms, visual, audio and text. Canada is very intolerant of it and has strict laws in place to prevent the production, distribution, and possession of child pornographic materials. Under article 175 in the Criminal Code , Japanese laws states that it is illegal to sell, display to the public, and distribute child pornographic material. Child pornography was banned in Japan in 1998 by the Act on Punishment of Activities Relating to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. The enforcement of this act began in 1999 and it was first amended in 2003. Films and pictures depicting sexual organs are against the law but company’s have found ways around it that are perfectly legal and just as inappropriate. The body parts are merely made fuzzy and according to the law may be sold to the public. Many of the Japanese politicians appear to be indifferent to this issue unfortunately. They believe that it would contravene with the fundamental freedom of speech and expression. The Japanese have historically be lax on this subject in 1996 it was brought before the UN conference in Sweden. The public began to put heavy pressure on Japan to reform their laws and the government was forced to act. Despite the law stating that the sale, display, and distribution of the pornography is illegal the possession of it is not. In 2008 the government begin a campaign to amend the act to pronounce the possession of child pornographic items illegal as well. This change was spearheaded by former American ambassador to Japan, J. Thomas Schieffer and the bill is waiting at the Japanese parliament ( Diet) since 2009. While the government in Japan struggles to control the controversial media with new bills and enforcement of the laws Canada is very sure of its position in this matter. The Canadian Criminal Code includes child pornographic material under Part 5 : Sexual Offences, Public Morals and Disorderly Conduct: Offences Tending to Corrupt Morals. Section 163 of the Code describes child porn as â€Å"a visual representation, whether or not it was made by electronic or mechanical means†, that â€Å"shows a person who is or is depicted as being under the age of eighteen years and is engaged in or is depicted as engaged in explicit sexual activity†, or â€Å"the dominant characteristic of which is the depiction, for a sexual purpose, of a sexual organ or the anal region of a person under the age of eighteen years.† ( C-64. Canadian Criminal Code. Section 163.1) Canadian government has recently introduced a bill to crack down on child porn on the internet, if passed it would b ecome on of the only countries in the world to restrict access to child porn online. This bill includes accessing, creating, and selling the material and would carry a possible 5 year prison sentence. Japan is the official child pornography capital of the world. It produces about four fifths of all the films, books, and magazines that are distributed worldwide. The Japanese National Police recently composed a report showing that there was a dramatic rise in criminal cases last year surrounding child pornography. There was 1455 reported cases involving children under 18. In Canada unlike Japan, Hentai is considered a form of child pornography and can be charged in court for the possession of it. On Monday January 20th 2012. Jeffrey Bedford, 41 , was sentenced to six months in jail for having over 1,100 images of animated child pornography on his computer. Police confiscated his laptop and found 1,135 sexual pictures of young girls aged four to fourteen. Bedford pleaded guilty but his lawyer asked the judge to consider that the girl were electronic cartoon and not real people. â€Å"It’s not the situation where an actual young person is victimized,’’ said his lawyer, Bruce Ritter. However the judge disagreed and stated that anime is the same as actually photographs and the purpose of the photos are the same. This is the problem that plagues Japan, is adult amine porn? Most people in North America would argue yes but it has been so deeply entwined in Japanese society that it is not seen as an illegal act. The contrast between Japan and Canada when discussing child pornography is extremely apparent . Japan has few laws and even fewer that are strictly enforced while Canada abides by a solid definition and set of laws restricting any contract with the taboo material. The numerous aliases of child porn , the country’s laws, and important legal cases are factors in shaping the country’s view on child pornography. Works Cited Umeda, Sayuri. â€Å"Japan: child pornography–Child Pornography Law Amendment discussed.† Global Legal Monitor (2010). Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012 â€Å"Child porn law struck down.† Canadian News Facts 1 Jan. 1999: 5804. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012 â€Å"The darker side of cuteness.† The Economist [US] 8 May 1999: 32. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012 Page, Barnaby. â€Å"Canada Considers Tough Online Child Porn Laws.† TechWeb 16 Mar. 2001. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012 â€Å"Tough on child porn.† Maclean’s 7 Dec. 2009: 8. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012 â€Å"Outraged innocence; Child pornography in Japan.† The Economist [US] 20 Mar. 2010: 55EU. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012 â€Å"Child-porn case goes to top court.† Canadian News Facts 16 June 1999: 5892. Gale Power Search. Web. 1 June 2012 http://www.therecord.com/news/local/article/663204–six-month-sentence-sends-strong-message-about-animated-child-porn